Page 29 - FoodFocusThailand No.200 November 2022

SPECIAL FOCUS

The gut microbiome enhances of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), prebiotics is defined as “Foods or food
the function of digestive and nutrient- ingredients that are resistant to the gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, and
absorbing systems, the production can be fermented by microbes in the large intestine with selective stimulating the
of beneficial metabolites such as growth and/or activity of the intestinal microbes and inhibiting excessive growth
short-chain fatty acids, the of potential pathogenic microbes leading to health benefits of the host.
modulation of immune system, the Prebiotics can currently be classified into various categories. The commercial,
prevention of chronic non- established prebiotics include, for example, inulin, galactooligosaccharides (GOS),
communicable diseases, including fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and lactulose. Next are the increasingly interest
the control of gut-brain connection emerging prebiotics, such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS), arabinoxylan
and stress-related disorders. oligosaccharides (AXOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs), chitooligosaccharides
Additionally, it also prevents the (COS), and lactosucrose. There are also developing prebiotics, which have some
overgrowth of potential pathogenic
microbes via competitive inhibition
and production of antimicrobials.
However, a physiological
imbalance caused by gut dysbiosis,
which occurs when the number of
pathogenic microorganisms exceeds
that of their beneficial counterparts,
can lead to the risk of several
diseases and disorders, such as
diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
obesity, irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS), and inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD), immunodeficiency,
liver disease, heart disease, and
brain-, emotion- or memory-related
disorders such as Alzheimer’s.
The factors contributing to
different microbiota levels in
individuals may vary due to the birth
delivery process, milk feeding during
infancy, topography, society of
residence, age, food, medicine,
stress, and daily exercise. These
elements, especially prebiotic food,
are the main contributors to the
balance readjustment of the gut
microbiome. According to the
International Scientific Association

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