Page 57 - FoodFocusThailand No.189 December 2021

STRATEGIC R & D

Consumption Pattern Consumption pattern that the links between gut microbiota, nutrition, and reactions between genes and foods
is one of the factors to be considered in addition can affect the components and diversity of gut microbiota. Hence, gut microbiota need to
to genetics. It is associated with the study of the be taken into account when it comes to the preparation of personalized nutrition.
relationship between food consumption and Various branches of knowledge and information, including genetics, consumption pattern,
metabolic effects, such as physiological consumption behavior, physical activity, gut microbiota, and measurement of energy
components, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein expenditure during active and inactive moments, are necessary for the designing of
patterns. Since a regular consumption pattern can personalized nutrition and the fulfillment of its main objective: to prevent NCDs, which is a
help identify the overall energy and nutrition intake public health problem that is closely related to the health and economy of the world’s
of an individual, personalized nutrition should also population.
include follow-up procedure, such as the photo
report of a meal sent via smartphone and the
calorie calculation for each meal by a special
application. More Information Service Info C011
Consumption Behavior Consumption
behavior, also an important factor, is found to be
correlated with the biological clock. A study on the
relationship between mealtime, genetic
predisposition, and weight loss revealed that the
participants with a specific genetic trait who
consumed lunch at 3 p.m. lost more weight than
the participants who were allowed to have lunch
before 3 p.m. Frequent consumption of snacks
was also found to be correlated with certain
genetic makeups, higher stress levels, and
heightened loss of interest in staple foods. The
study also revealed that to improve the incidence
of obesity or NCDs through personalized nutrition,
an additional factor that must be taken into
consideration is the consumption behavior, which
should be in sync with the biological clock as well
as food components of each meal.
Physical Activity Physical activity is also a
key factor for an effective personalized nutrition.
Inactive lifestyle and continuous lack of physical
movement, such as prolonged sitting in front of a
television, can increase the risk for coronary artery
disease and type 2 diabetes. Some patients may
suffer from certain negative reactions, such as
decrease in HDL, hypertension, and increase in
triglycerides. Hence, physical activity is crucial
and needs to be considered for effective
personalized nutrition.
Gut Microbiota Gut microbiota are another
distinctive factor for personalized nutrition
because their components and diversity constitute
risk factors for the development of NCDs, such
as type 2 diabetes and coranary artery disease.
They can be used as a predictive indicator for
potential reactions to glucose after meal
consumption. There are both benign and
malignant types of gut microbiota. For example,
a high amount of the Eubacterium rectale will be
beneficial to the body, while a high concentration
of the malignant Parabacteroides distasonis will
generate adverse effects. The dietary planning
that aims at minimizing the risk factors for NCDs,
therefore, should include an increase in fruit and
vegetable consumption to promote the colonization
of benign gut microbiota. Additionally, it is revealed

DEC 2021 FOOD FOCUS THAILAND 57

19/11/2564 BE 16:26
54-57_Strategic R&D_�.����.indd 57 19/11/2564 BE 16:26
54-57_Strategic R&D_�.����.indd 57