Page 109 - FoodFocusThailand No.207 JUNE 2023

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Tribology Technique produced at the leak, the sound wave at the measurement point could also occur.
Tribology is the science and engineering For the material inspection, the testing frequency will be from 250 kHz to 25
study of friction, wear, and lubrication to MHz. The method could be standard, like hitting the testing material with a
prevent or delay machine deterioration hammer and recording with an accelerometer or ultrasonic meter. Moreover, the
from wear. This technique could be sound transmission or pulse-echo technique, which is more sensitive than the
utilized in predictive maintenance by sound wave inspection of the material, is utilized. This method detects defects
analyzing used oil or lubricant, in the material by checking the time required for waves to travel to each point or
considering viscosity compared to new through different surfaces in that material and sound resonance measurement
oil or lubricant, and analyzing water or at only one side of the material. This method is used to inspect welding joints and
coolant contaminations in the oil. For turbines.
engine oil, dilution of the lubricant due
to contaminated fuel and soot is
analyzed by infrared light. Furthermore,
the solid within the lubricant is examined More Information Service Info C017
as it might be a sign of machine wear in
the lubricated parts.
Furthermore, the lubricant’s light
absorption in each function is analyzed
to see if there are any Nitration,
Oxidation, or Sulfation reactions.
Nitration will catalyze the oil’s oxidation
reaction. In addition, acidity could be
measured by Total Acid Number (TAN),
which will occur after the oil has
deteriorated. Alkalinity could be
measured by Total Base Number (TBN),
which indicates the ability of the oil to
change acid to neutral. Low TBN results
from inappropriate oil type usage, not
changing oil for a long period or machine
overheating. FTIR Spectroscopy
method could utilize the spectrographic
analysis technique, which is a fast and
accurate measurement technique. The
technique will show the light absorption
for different waves in each element,
letting us know the metal that fell out
from wear.

High-Frequency Sound Wave
Inspection
We can use 3 types of applications for
high-frequency sound wave inspection:
Airborne Noise Analysis, Leak Detection,
and Material Testing. The Occupational
Safety and Health Administration has
set regulations in the USA to analyze
industrial factories’ airborne noise. The
ultrasonic meter inspects factory
equipment to determine whether it
releases irregular noises. Liquid and
gas’s turbulent flow through small holes,
such as leaks, are analyzed for leak
detection. The leak produces a unique
high-frequency sound, which the high-
frequency sound wave technique could
detect. Inspection equipment such as
Airborne Sound sensors or Ultrasonic
Leak detectors are used. This method
effectively detects leaks in complex pipe
systems for gas and liquid distribution,
steam traps, valves, pumps, and
bearings. Even if the sound wave is not
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